Fish oil supplements have gained popularity as a way to support cardiovascular health. Derived from fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and trout, fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). These omega-3 fatty acids are known for their anti-inflammatory effects and have been recommended for individuals with cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, abnormal lipids, and rheumatoid arthritis.
However, the benefits of fish oil supplements have produced mixed research findings.
Risks Associated with Fish Oil Supplements for Healthy People
A recent study published in the journal BMJ Medicine suggests that the risks of fish oil supplements outweigh the benefits for healthy individuals. The study, which analyzed data from over 415,000 people in the UK Biobank, found that regular use of fish oil supplements was associated with an increased risk of developing first-time heart disease and stroke in individuals without known cardiovascular disease.
Specifically, regular users of fish oil supplements had a 13% higher risk of developing atrial fibrillation and a 5% higher risk of experiencing a stroke.
The association between fish oil supplements and heightened cardiovascular risk in healthy individuals raises concerns about the indiscriminate use of these supplements. Experts recommend a more selective and tailored approach to the use of fish oil supplements, taking into account individual patient profiles and considering their potential hazards and imbalances.
Benefits of Fish Oil Supplements for People with Existing Cardiovascular Disease
While fish oil supplements may pose risks for healthy individuals, they have shown benefits for people with preexisting cardiovascular disease. The study found that individuals with cardiovascular disease who regularly used fish oil supplements had a lower risk of progressing from atrial fibrillation to a heart attack and a lower risk of progressing from heart failure to death. This suggests that fish oil supplements may have a role in the treatment of patients with preexisting cardiovascular conditions.
Considerations and Alternatives for Healthy Individuals
For healthy individuals, the findings of the study prompt careful consideration of the use of fish oil supplements. In addition to the increased risks associated with their use, fish oil supplements may lead to fatty acid imbalances and potentially increase the risk of heart disease.
As a result, experts advise against using fish oil supplements if you are currently healthy.
Instead, the focus should be on consuming a heart-healthy diet that includes natural sources of omega-3 fatty acids, such as fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and trout. These food sources provide omega-3s in their natural form, without the potential risks and imbalances associated with supplements. Alternatively, individuals may consider supplementing their diet with alternatives like flaxseed oil or chia seeds, which are high in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-based omega-3 fatty acid associated with cardiovascular health benefits.
While fish oil supplements have been widely used to support cardiovascular health, the risks of these supplements outweigh the benefits for healthy individuals. The association between fish oil supplements and increased first-time heart disease and stroke risk highlights the need for more selective and tailored use of these supplements. Healthy individuals are advised to focus on a heart-healthy diet and consider alternatives to fish oil supplements for their omega-3 fatty acid intake.